ICT Core C1 資訊及通訊科技 核心單元 C1
Explore the key topics in networking and internet technology 探索網絡及互聯網技術的核心主題
LAN, WAN, Client-Server, P2P 局域網、廣域網、客戶機-伺服器、對等網絡
NIC, Switch, Router, Modem 網卡、交換器、路由器、數據機
Cables and Wireless Technologies 電纜及無線技術
Broadband, Leased Line, Mobile Data 寬頻、專線、流動數據
Test your knowledge with 15 questions 15 道題目測試你的知識
Master key terms and definitions 掌握關鍵術語及定義
Practice with exam-style questions 練習考試風格題目
Fundamental networking concepts you need to know 你需要掌握的基礎網絡概念
An interconnection of computers and peripheral devices to exchange information and share resources. 互連的電腦和周邊設備，用於交換資訊和共享資源。
LAN (Local Area Network)局部區域網絡:
WAN (Wide Area Network)寬廣區域網絡:
Essential devices for building computer networks 建立電腦網絡的必備設備
Connects a device to the network. Each NIC has a unique 48-bit MAC address. Types include Ethernet NIC (RJ-45 port), Wireless NIC (antenna), and USB Wireless NIC. 將設備連接到網絡。每個網卡都有獨特的 48 位元媒介接達控制位址。類型包括以太網卡（RJ-45 端口）、無線網卡（天線）及 USB 無線網卡。
Connects multiple devices to form a LAN. Directs data to specific devices using MAC addresses, preventing data collision. More efficient than hubs. 連接多個設備形成局域網。使用媒介接達控制位址將數據導向特定設備，防止數據碰撞。比集線器更高效。
Connects wired LAN to wireless devices. Identified by SSID (network name). Wi-Fi roaming: multiple APs with same SSID allow seamless device switching. 將有線局域網連接到無線設備。由 SSID（網絡名稱）識別。Wi-Fi 漫遊：多個使用相同 SSID 的接達點允許設備無縫切換。
Connects LANs together or connects LAN to WAN (Internet). Forwards data using IP addresses. Home routers are all-in-one devices (switch + AP + DNS + firewall). 將多個局域網連接在一起或將局域網連接到廣域網（互聯網）。使用 IP 位址轉發數據。家用路由器是多合一設備（交換器 + 接達點 + DNS + 防火牆）。
Modulator-demodulator converts analog signals to digital and vice versa. Types: DSL modem (ADSL for home, SDSL for business), Fibre optic modem (fastest). 調變解調器將類比信號轉換為數位信號，反之亦然。類型：DSL 數據機（家用 ADSL、商用 SDSL）、光纖數據機（最快）。
Cables and wireless technologies for data transmission 用於數據傳輸的電纜及無線技術
| Cable Type電纜類型 | Speed速度 | Distance距離 | Cost成本 | Interference干擾 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)無屏蔽雙扭線 | Moderate中等 | <100m<100米 | Low低 | Affected by EMI受電磁干擾影響 |
| STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)屏蔽雙扭線 | Faster than UTP比 UTP 快 | <100m<100米 | Higher than UTP比 UTP 高 | Less EMI較少電磁干擾 |
| Fibre Optic Cable光纖電纜 | Fastest最快 | Longest (km)最長（公里） | Highest最高 | No EMI無電磁干擾 |
| Technology技術 | Standard標準 | Frequency頻率 | Coverage覆蓋範圍 | Use Cases應用場景 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wi-Fi | IEEE 802.11 | 2.4GHz / 5GHz | 50-100m indoor室內 50-100米 | Home, office networks家庭、辦公室網絡 |
| Bluetooth | IEEE 802.15 | 2.4GHz | 10m short-distance10米短距離 | Peripherals, IoT devices周邊設備、物聯網設備 |
| Satellite衛星 | - | Various多種 | Global全球 | Remote areas偏遠地區 |
| Microwave (WiMAX)微波 (WiMAX) | IEEE 802.16 | 2-11GHz2-11GHz | 50km line-of-sight50公里視線範圍 | Metropolitan networks城市網絡 |
Different ways to connect to the Internet 連接互聯網的不同方式
| Method方式 | Bandwidth頻寬 | Cost成本 | Security安全性 | Availability可用性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broadband (ADSL)寬頻 (ADSL) | High (asymmetric)高（不對稱） | Moderate中等 | Good良好 | Widely available廣泛可用 |
| Fibre Optic (FTTH)光纖 (FTTH) | Very High非常高 | Higher較高 | Excellent優秀 | Growing增長中 |
| Leased Line專線 | Guaranteed保證 | Very High非常高 | Highest最高 | Business only僅限商業 |
| Mobile Data (4G/5G)流動數據 (4G/5G) | High (5G)高 (5G) | Varies不定 | Good良好 | Excellent優秀 |
| Wi-Fi HotspotWi-Fi 熱點 | Varies不定 | Free/Low免費/低 | Lower較低 | Public areas公共區域 |
A company that provides services for accessing the Internet. ISPs offer subscribers a gateway to connect with the Internet through various access methods. 提供互聯網接入服務的公司。互聯網服務供應商通過各種接入方式為訂戶提供連接互聯網的閘道。
Test your knowledge with 15 questions 用 15 道題目測試你的知識
Click cards to flip and master key terms 點擊卡片翻轉並掌握關鍵術語
Practice with exam-style questions 練習考試風格題目